Haptic Transducer Device and Insole for Receiving The Same

ABSTRACT

Embodiments include a haptic transducer device comprising a magnetic assembly including a yoke and a magnet disposed within an inner cavity formed by the yoke. The device further includes a diaphragm having a top surface, a ledge projecting below and outwards relative to the top surface, and a sidewall extending downwards from the ledge towards the inner cavity. The device also includes a suspension extending concentrically around the diaphragm and including arms extending between inner and outer edges of the suspension, the inner edge being attached to the ledge of the diaphragm and the outer edge being attached to the outer ledge of the yoke. The device further includes a coil attached to the sidewall of the diaphragm and suspended within the inner cavity. One embodiment further includes an attachment groove integrated into the top surface of the diaphragm and configured for receiving attachment structures included on a footwear insole.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 15/659,349, filed Jul. 25, 2017 and issuing as U.S.Pat. No. 10,835,924, which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/366,581, filed Jul. 25, 2016, the entire contents ofboth applications being incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

Consumers of multi-media entertainment are seeking methods of heightenedmulti-sensory immersion. Existing systems for providing audio immersionincludes use of a subwoofer to feel the low tones of music and toimprove the audio of a motion picture or a video game, and the use ofsurround sound to immerse the user in a more entertaining experience.Aside from audio content, these methods do not provide a multi-sensorystimulation while in a virtual reality or other audio-visual scenario.These methods are exposed in an open environment including multiplestands, wires, and other devices that impart stimuli and are used bymore than one person at a time. Furthermore, these methods may bedamaging to the ears because they are often pushed too high in volume tocreate the immersive sound and feeling. Moreover, sub-woofers, inparticular, are not convenient for users that prefer experiencingmulti-media entertainment while “on the go,” as the physical size ofsub-woofer devices prevent portability. At the same time, other existingdevices, such as conventional earphones, are not capable of providingthe same low frequency effect as sub-woofers.

Another area for providing multi-sensory immersion is tactile or hapticstimulation, which can make an entertainment experience even moreenjoyable when combined with audio and/or audio-visual immersion. Forexample, vibrations generated based on audio signals for a musical piececan be synchronized with the audio signals to provide an enhanced musicexperience where the user both hears and feels the music. Some existinghaptic devices, like piezo-electric transducers, are separate from theaudio/visual output devices and therefore, require separate componentsto produce synchronized operation with the rest of the multi-mediaexperience. Other existing haptic devices, such as bass shakers andmultifunction transducers, can provide both audio and tactilestimulation but have various drawbacks. For example, most bass shakershave poor dampening characteristics that can cause unpleasant lingeringvibrations. Also, most multifunction transducers have predeterminedresonant frequencies that are difficult to modify without disassembly.

Accordingly, there is still a need for an improved haptic transducerthat can be used to provide a personal multisensory experience while ina virtual reality, surround sound, or other audio-visual scenario, bycapturing the energy, vibration, or other immersive stimuli associatedwith the audio-visual content and delivering the immersive content insynchrony with the audio-visual content to the person of the user.

SUMMARY

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a compact haptictransducer device configured to receive electrical signals (e.g., audioand/or haptic signals) from a controller through either a wired orwireless connection. In certain embodiments, the haptic transducer ofthe present disclosure includes a unique design that allows for a morerugged and durable driver configured to provide haptic feedback to theuser through footwear worn by the user. The controller can be incommunication with an entertainment system, and the haptic transducerdevice can be configured to impart a vibration based on an indication ofreproduced sound to enhance an entertainment experience. For example,the haptic transducer may dramatically improve the experience oflistening to music, watching a movie, or playing a video game.

Embodiments also include an insole configured for receiving the haptictransducer and for placement in a bottom of a piece of footwear, such asa shoe. Embodiments can also include a footwear device for enhancing anentertainment experience by including a haptic transducer mounted to aninsole of the footwear, such as a shoe. Placing the haptic transducerinto footwear can expand the audio event outside the confines of thehead to involve the body, or at least a foot of the user, in animmersive, tactile, and portable experience. In some embodiments, thevibrations simulate force feedback that would resonate from the groundat a live event.

One example embodiment includes a haptic transducer device comprising amagnetic assembly including a yoke, an inner cavity formed by the yoke,and a magnet disposed within the inner cavity; a diaphragm having a topsurface, a ledge projecting below and outwards relative to the topsurface, and a sidewall extending downwards from the ledge towards theinner cavity; a suspension extending concentrically around the diaphragmand including a plurality of arms extending between an inner edge of thesuspension and an outer edge of the suspension, the inner edge beingattached to the ledge of the diaphragm and the outer edge being attachedto the outer ledge of the yoke; and a coil attached to the sidewall ofthe diaphragm and suspended within the inner cavity below thesuspension.

Another example embodiment includes a haptic transducer comprising ahousing comprising an outer ledge surrounding an inner cavity; adiaphragm at least partially positioned within the inner cavity; anattachment groove integrated into a top surface of the diaphragm andconfigured for receiving attachment structures included on a footwearinsole; an annular suspension coupled to the outer ledge of the housingand extending concentrically around the diaphragm; and a coil coupled tothe diaphragm and suspended within the inner cavity.

Yet another example embodiment includes an insole for placement in apiece of footwear, the insole comprising a tongue portion comprisingraised structures configured for insertion into a groove portion of ahaptic transducer for forming a tongue and groove attachment to thehaptic transducer, the tongue portion being included on an underside ofthe insole.

The appended claims define this application. The present disclosuresummarizes aspects of the embodiments and should not be used to limitthe claims. Other implementations are contemplated in accordance withthe techniques described herein, as will be apparent to one havingordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings anddetailed description, and these implementations are intended to bewithin the scope of this application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be made toembodiments shown in the following drawings. The components in thedrawings are not necessarily to scale and related elements may beomitted to emphasize and clearly illustrate the novel features describedherein. In addition, system components can be variously arranged, asknown in the art. In the figures, like referenced numerals may refer tolike parts throughout the different figures unless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1A illustrates a top perspective view of an example haptictransducer in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 1B illustrates a side view of the haptic transducer of FIG. 1A inaccordance with embodiments.

FIG. 1C illustrates a bottom perspective view of the haptic transducerof FIG. 1A in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 1D illustrates a cross-sectional view of the haptic transducer ofFIG. 1B in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 1E illustrates a partial, close-up cross-sectional view of thehaptic transducer of FIG. 1D, in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 1F illustrates a top perspective view of example electrical leadsincluded in the haptic transducer of FIG. 1A, in accordance withembodiments.

FIG. 1G illustrates a top view of the haptic transducer of FIG. 1A inaccordance with embodiments.

FIG. 2A illustrates a bottom perspective view of an example shoe insoleconfigured to receive the haptic transducer of FIG. 1A in accordancewith embodiments.

FIG. 2B illustrates a partially transparent, top perspective of theinsole of FIG. 2A coupled to the haptic transducer of FIG. 1A inaccordance with embodiments.

FIG. 2C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the insole and haptictransducer shown in FIG. 2B in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 3A illustrates a cross-sectional view of another example haptictransducer in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 3B illustrates a top view of the haptic transducer of FIG. 3A inaccordance with embodiments.

FIG. 3C illustrates a side view of the haptic transducer of FIG. 3C inaccordance with embodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates a cross-sectional view of another example haptictransducer in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates a top view of the haptic transducer of FIG. 4A inaccordance with embodiments.

FIG. 4C illustrates a side view of the haptic transducer of FIG. 4A inaccordance with embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

While the haptic transducer device and insole of the present disclosuremay be embodied in various forms, the Figures show and thisSpecification describes some exemplary and non-limiting embodiments ofthe haptic transducer device and insole. The present disclosure is anexemplification of the haptic transducer device and insole, and does notlimit the system and method of the present disclosure to the specificillustrated and described embodiments. Not all of the depicted ordescribed components may be required, and some embodiments may includeadditional, different, or fewer components. The arrangement and type ofthe components may vary without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe claims set forth herein.

Existing haptic transducer devices or drivers can include a yoke, amagnet, a top plate, a frame or basket, a voice coil, a spider orsuspension, and a diaphragm (e.g., a cone or a dome). The diaphragm issupported by the frame and is attached to the coil. The spider is a ringof flexible material that is attached between the frame and the coil andconfigured to hold the coil in position and dampening oscillations ofthe coil and the diaphragm, but also allow them to move back and forthfreely. The yoke is at the back or bottom of the driver, and the designof the yoke affects the efficiency and stability of the magnet assemblywithin the motor. The magnet sits above the yoke and is the drivingforce of the driver. The top plate, together with the yoke and themagnet, completes the magnetic assembly or motor of the driver. Unliketraditional speakers, both the coil and the motor of the haptictransducer are resiliently mounted within the housing and capable ofoscillating.

Electrical signals are transmitted to the coil through one or moreelectrical leads attached to the haptic transducer. The electricalsignals may include audio or haptic information. The coil is a basicelectromagnet and is suspended in a magnetic field created by themagnetic assembly. Applying electrical signals to the coil causes thecoil to move back and forth, like a piston, relative to the magneticassembly, due to changes in the electromagnet's polar orientation eachtime the electrical current flowing through the coil changes direction.This movement pushes and pulls on the diaphragm attached to the coil,which causes the diaphragm to vibrate. The coil movement also drives themagnetic assembly to oscillate. In this manner, the coil may serve as anactuator for moving the diaphragm and the magnetic assembly.

Due to its mass and flexible mounting, the magnetic assembly oscillatesat a relatively low frequency within the range of frequencies that areeasily perceptible to a user. When the coil is excited by signals at afrequency in the resonant frequency range of the transducer, thetransducer will vibrate to produce haptic signals. A user can place thetransducer in close proximity to the user's body to perceive tactilesensations generated by these haptic signals. In some cases, the hapticsignals are transmitted to the user through inertial vibration of anouter housing of the transducer.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a haptictransducer device uniquely configured for mounting to an insole, theinsole being designed for placement in a shoe or other footwear. Incertain embodiments, the haptic transducer of the present disclosure isconfigured to provide a compact and rugged driver system that is capableof withstanding pressure from a user, particularly when placed infootwear, while still effectively providing haptic feedback to thewearer. This rugged design is possible due to certain designconsiderations.

First, the haptic transducer includes fixed electrical leads forreceiving the electrical signals and providing a more rugged electricalconnection, rather than the flexible leads that are found inconventional haptic transducers and are prone to mechanical failure.Second, the haptic transducer includes a “razorback” or winding spiderconfigured to more evenly distribute stresses across the spider, providea more compact form factor for the transducer, and provide a largerrange for safe excursion. Third, the haptic transducer includes afloating motor and a floating coil, which allows for dual modes ofoperation depending on the amount of pressure applied to the haptictransducer device, for example, by the user's foot when worn within ashoe. Fourth, the haptic transducer can be configured for attachment tothe insole through a tongue and groove connection that is designed tomaximize the amount of surface area on the haptic transducer that is incontact with, and imparting vibrations to, the insole, and to provide asecure and simple connection that allows for rotational and axialalignment between the insole and the device. A fifth feature of thehaptic transducer of the present disclosure is an offset dome configuredto reduce stresses on and increase excursion of the spider, whichprovides for greater reliability and durability than most largerdrivers.

FIGS. 1A-1G illustrate multiple views of an example haptic transducerdevice 100 in accordance with embodiments. FIG. 1A illustrates a topperspective view of the haptic transducer 100. FIGS. 1B and 1C provideside and bottom perspective views, respectively, of an outer housing ofthe haptic transducer 100. As shown, the haptic transducer 100 includesa pair of fixed leads 102, a spider 104, and a diaphragm 106.

As shown in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 1D and 1E, the diaphragm106 is generally bell-shaped but with a stepped configuration comprisedof a dome-like top portion coupled to a flared lower portion. Thedome-like top portion includes a substantially flat top surface 106 aand a first sidewall that extends downwards from, and substantiallyperpendicular to, the top surface 106 a. The flared lower portionincludes an inner ledge 106 b that extends outwards from, andsubstantially perpendicular to, the first sidewall, and a secondsidewall 106 c that extends downwards from, and substantiallyperpendicular to, the inner ledge 106 b. As shown, the inner ledge 106 b(also referred to herein as a “ledge”) projects or flares out from abottom of the top portion, such that the ledge 106 b projects outwardsrelative to, and is positioned vertically below, the top surface 106 a.The ledge 106 b then curves or steps downwards to form the secondsidewall 106 c (also referred to herein as a “sidewall”), which extendsdown towards and into the inner cavity of the haptic transducer 100. Inembodiments, an overall height of the diaphragm 106 (e.g., a height ofthe first sidewall plus a height of the second sidewall 106 c) may beselected based on the maximum excursion, or vertical movement, of thedriver, or in order to provide enough room for such excursion withoutcollision.

The spider 104 is attached to the ledge 106 b of the diaphragm 106. Asshown in the top view of FIG. 1G, the spider 104 has a generally annularshape that extends concentrically around the diaphragm 106. In certainembodiments, the spider 104 is attached to the diaphragm 106 by glue orother adhesive material.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the top surface 106 a of the diaphragm 106 (alsoreferred to herein as a “dome”) provides a housing or mounting surfacefor the fixed leads 102. The dome 106 also includes an attachment groove108 integrated into the top surface 106 a of the dome 106 and centeredon the dome 106. This built-in attachment groove 108 can be configuredto form a grove portion of a tongue and grove connection between thetransducer 100 and a footwear insole, as described in more detail hereinwith respect to FIGS. 2A-2C. When placed in a shoe, for example, abottom surface of the haptic transducer 100 faces a bottom of the shoeand the top surface 106 a of the transducer 100 can face and be attachedto an underside of the insole, such that the transducer 100 ispositioned between the insole and the shoe. In embodiments, the dome 106may be made of plastic or other non-magnetic material.

As better illustrated by the cross-sectional views in FIGS. 1D and 1E,the transducer 100 also includes a yoke 110 that forms the bottomsurface and side walls (or lower housing) of the haptic transducer 100.As shown, an outer ledge 110 a of the yoke 110 extends around aperimeter of the yoke 110 to support or attach to the spider 104. Amagnet 112 is positioned within an inner cavity 113 or center of theyoke 110, which is surrounded by the outer ledge 110 a, as shown in FIG.1D. A top plate 114 sits above the magnet 112. In embodiments, the yoke110, the magnet 112, and the top plate 114 can make up a magneticassembly, or motor, of the transducer 100. In some embodiments, themagnetic assembly further includes a bottom plate 115 positioned betweenthe magnet 112 and the yoke 110.

As shown, the yoke 110 serves as, at least part of, an outer housing forthe transducer 100. In some embodiments, an overall diameter of thetransducer 100 is determined by, or substantially equal to, an overalldiameter of the yoke 110. The yoke 110 can also serve as the frame orbasket of the transducer 100. For example, conventional transducers usea separate frame piece to locate the motor (i.e. the magnet, top plate,yoke, and pedestal) relative to the moving suspension and diaphragmassembly. In the illustrated embodiment, the yoke 110 is configured tosupport the suspension-diaphragm assembly (e.g., via the connectionbetween the spider 104 and the outer ledge 110 a of the yoke 110), whicheliminates the need for a separate frame in the transducer 100. Theframe-less design of the transducer 100 reduces manufacturing costs(e.g., due to the removal of the frame piece) and simplifies assembly ofthe transducer 10. The frame-less design also increases durability byremoving the possibility of failure modes tied to the frame (e.g., theplastic frame piece weakening with heat) or the bonding of the frame toother components.

As shown in FIG. 1D, the transducer 100 further includes a coil 116. Insome embodiments, the coil 116 can include a length of wire (e.g.,copper wire) wound around a core to form a traditional electromagnet. Inother embodiments, the coil 116 can be an etched coil formed by printingor etching wire windings directly onto a flexible material (e.g.,metallic ribbon). In the illustrated embodiment, the coil 116 has agenerally annular shape, and a top end of the coil 116 is coupled to thedownward-extending, lower sidewall 106 c of the dome 106. As shown, thecoil 116 can be coupled to an inside of the sidewall 106 c. In otherembodiments, the coil 116 may be attached to an outside of the sidewall106 c (not shown). As illustrated in FIGS. 1D and 1E, the coil 116 formsa generally flat surface or sidewall that extends downwards from thedome 106 into the inner cavity 113 and towards the top plate 114. Thecoil 116 also extends concentrically around the top plate 114 and themagnet 112.

In embodiments, placement, as well as sizing, of the coil 116 can beconfigured to avoid contact with the pieces of the magnetic assembly.For example, as shown, only the top end of the coil 116 may be attachedto another surface (i.e. the sidewall 106 c of the dome 106), so that abottom portion of the coil 116 is suspended or floating between thesidewalls of the yoke 110 and the magnet 112, or within the magnetic gapformed thereby. In embodiments, the attachment or joint between the dome106 and the coil 116 along the sidewall 106 c is concealed by, orpositioned under, the spider 104. As a result, the attachment point cantravel into, or be disposed within, the magnetic gap. This configurationcan prevent the coil 116 from limiting the excursion of the motor. Forexample, in a conventional transducer, the joint between the dome andthe coil typically provides a hard stop that collides with the yoke andthus, limits the excursion of the motor. In one example embodiment, thetransducer 100 can be made approximately two millimeters thinner byfully immersing the joint between the coil 116 and the dome 106 withinthe gap formed between the yoke 110 and the magnet 112.

In various embodiments, the motor, which includes the yolk 110, themagnet 112, and the top plate 114, is also configured to be floating, atleast relative to the coil 116. The floating motor is achieved bycoupling only the outer ledge 110 a of the yoke 110 to the outerdiameter of the spider 104 and by coupling the inner diameter of thespider 104 to the ledge 106 b of the dome 106. Thus, the motor is notconnected to the coil 116 and can move independently of the coil. Bycontrast, in conventional haptic transducers, the coil is attacheddirectly to the yoke, or the pole piece included in the yoke, and to thespider, such that the motor is not free to move relative to the coil.

In embodiments, the floating motor and the floating coil 116 enable thetransducer 100 to have two modes of operation when attached to afootwear insole and worn by the user. The first mode of operation can beinitiated when only light pressure is applied to the transducer 100(e.g., by the foot of the user) and therefore, the coil 116 is stillfree to move within the space between the magnet 112 and the yoke 110.The second mode of operation can be initiated when heavy pressure isapplied to the transducer 100 and therefore, the coil 116 is no longerfree to move, but the motor of the transducer 100 is still free to moverelative to the insole. This option for dual operational modes allowsfor a more efficient use of transducer resources and helps improvedurability and reliability of the transducer 100.

Moreover, the transducer 100 is designed such that a center of gravityof the moving parts within the transducer 100 is aligned with a centralaxis of the coil 116, and a majority of the mass included in thetransducer 100 is positioned below the coil 116, such as, for example,the magnet 112, the plates 114 and 115, and a bottom portion of the yoke110, as shown in FIG. 1D. As a result, as the floating motor moves upand down within the transducer 100 during operation, the movement ismore evenly distributed along a central axis of the transducer 100,thereby avoiding, or reducing the tendency for, side to side movement,such as, e.g., rocking, tilting, or pendulum motion. This increasedstability is at least partially due to the frameless design of thetransducer 100, which helps move the center of gravity of the motorcloser to the central axis of the coil.

As shown in FIG. 1D, the spider 104 (also referred to herein as a“suspension”) is positioned above the coil 116 and the magnetic assemblyof the haptic transducer 100. As also shown, the spider 104 is coupledbetween the ledge 106 b of the dome 106 and the outer edge 110 a of theyoke 110. In embodiments, this spider design helps provide the haptictransducer 100 with several advantageous improvements over conventionalhaptic transducer designs. For example, in a conventional haptictransducer, the diaphragm is attached to an outer diameter of the frame,and the spider is attached between an inner diameter of the frame andthe coil, such that the overall diameter of the transducer is determinedby the outer diameter of the frame/diaphragm. In the illustratedembodiments, the frame is removed, and instead, an outer diameter of theyoke 110 determines the overall diameter of the transducer 100. Inaddition, the diaphragm or dome 106 has an offset design, relative tothe driver. In particular, the dome 106 is configured to have a diameterthat is smaller than an overall diameter of the transducer 100 bycoupling the spider or suspension 104 between the ledge 106 b of thedome 106 and the outer edge 110 a of the yoke 110. Also, the ledge 106 bof the dome 106 is configured to have an inner diameter that is smallerthan a diameter of the coil 116, and the lower sidewall 106 c of thedome 106 is configured to extend just outside of the coil 116, such thatan overall diameter of the dome 106 overlaps with, or exceeds, thediameter of the coil 116. This configuration of the spider 104, the coil116, and the offset dome 106 helps achieve dual goals of keeping anoverall diameter of the transducer 100 as small as possible to obtain asmaller overall form factor, and creating a larger distance or clearancebetween an outer edge 104 a and an inner edge 104 b of the spider 104for improved coil operation.

As shown in FIG. 1G, the spider 104 can be configured to have agenerally annular shape with a “razorback” or winding design formed by aplurality of arms or ribs extending between the outer spider edge 104 aand the inner spider edge 104 b. The inner edge 104 b of the spider 104forms an open center 104 c, and a top portion of the dome 106 extendsthrough the open center 104 c of the spider 104. In embodiments, thespider 104 can be composed of any suitable flexible but sturdy material(e.g., metal or plastic) that is capable of withstanding or absorbingthe stresses applied thereto. As shown in FIG. 1E, the inner edge 104 bof the spider 104 is positioned on and attached to the ledge 106 b ofthe dome 106 and has a width configured to substantially match a widthof the ledge 106 b of the dome 106. Likewise, the outer edge 104 a ofthe spider 104 is positioned on and attached to the outer ledge 110 a ofthe yoke 110 and has a width configured to substantially match a widthof the outer ledge 110 a of the yoke 110. In embodiments, the spider 104is configured (e.g., sized and shaped) to make these two attachmentareas as narrow as possible while still creating a sturdy contact withthe respective surfaces. By making the attachment areas narrower, theremaining, winding portions of the spider 104 can be made wider, thusproviding a larger surface area for absorbing the stresses applied tothe spider 104.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 1E and 1G, the arms 140 d of the spider104 form a series of curved extensions that float horizontally in thespace between the dome 106 and the yoke 110. By curving back and forthwithin this space, the arms 104 d (also referred to as “windings”)increase an overall surface area for the spider 104. In the illustratedembodiment, the spider 104 is comprised of three arms 104 d, each arm104 d having one end attached to, or extending from, the outer spideredge 104 a and the other end attached to, or extending fro, the innerspider edge 104 b. In FIG. 1G, each arm 104 d includes two floatingextensions or curved portions that are formed by winding or zigzaggingback and forth to fill the horizontal space between the ledge 106 b ofthe dome 106 and the outer ledge 110 a of the yoke 110. In otherembodiments, each arm 104 d of the spider 104 may include fewerextensions or windings, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 4B, ormore windings than that shown in FIG. 1G. In some embodiments, thespider 104 may include fewer or more than the three arms 104 dillustrated herein.

A conventional transducer would require a much larger diameter toachieve the same level of performance as the transducer 100, includingaccommodating the larger moving mass and the higher amount of stressresulting therefrom. The several windings of the spider 104 can reducean overall stress on the spider 104 by more evenly distributing theapplied stress across a larger surface area, thus improving thedurability of the transducer 100 and resulting in a larger range of safeexcursion for the transducer 100. The winding design of the spider 104also helps maintain a compact form factor for the overall transducer100, as it allows a diameter of the coil 116 and an outer diameter ofthe yoke 110 to be close together, or substantially overlap.

In embodiments, the size, shape, and configuration of the spider 104 canbe selected in view of a number of design considerations, in addition toor along with those discussed above. For example, to provide a haptictransducer with a compact design that is capable of fitting within theinsole of a shoe, it is important to keep an overall outer diameter ofthe spider 104 as small as possible. However, to provide a suspension104 capable of sturdy stress management for the transducer 100, it isalso important to provide sufficient surface area between the innerspider edge 104 b and the outer spider edge 104 a to absorb the stressesplaced on the transducer 100. Furthermore, maintaining an appropriatelylarge distance, or clearance, between an inside diameter of the spider104, or formed by the inner spider edge 104 b, and an outside diameterof the spider 104, formed by the outer spider edge 104 a, is criticalfor magnetic efficiency and stability, speaker sensitivity, and powerhandling, and is easier for production and quality control. For example,this clearance provides the space required for allowing proper coiloperation without contacting the magnetic assembly. However, if the coilgap is too large, the transducer 100 will not perform as well due to lowmagnetic field strength and poor heat dissipation.

FIGS. 1A and 1G depict an exterior of the transducer 100 and show thatthe electrical leads 102 are accessible for electrical connection fromthe exterior of the transducer 100. Each of the electrical leads 102 canbe a metal contact pad disposed or positioned on the top or externalsurface 106 a of the dome 106 in order to facilitate forming anelectrical connection with an external signal source. For example,electrical signals can be applied to the coil 116 by electricallyconnecting the leads 102 to a controller, a media player, a wirelessreceiver, or other external signal source. FIG. 1F depicts the haptictransducer 100 with the dome 106 drawn in phantom or transparent lines,in order to show that each electrical lead 102 is internally connectedto the coil 116 via a respective one of the electrical wires 118. Thedome structure 106 includes internal channels or slots 119 configured tosecurely receive or house the electrical wires 118 therein as theytravel from the leads 102 to the coil 116, thus providing fixedelectrical connections between the two. The channels 119 may be carvedinto, or formed within, a portion of the top surface 106 a, the ledge106 b, the sidewall 106 c, and/or other parts of the diaphragm 106 thatfall within the pathway from the leads 102 to the coil 116.

The fixed leads 102 of the present disclosure provide severaladvantageous improvements over conventional haptic transducers. Forexample, in conventional transducers, the electrical leads are encasedin a rigid structure but form electrical connections with the coil thatare designed to flex and/or move along with the driver motion. As aresult, conventional leads are connected to the driver using glue andsolder materials that are carefully selected to provide an appropriateamount of flex. However, such movement of the leads allows for failures.And due to the flexible nature of these electrical connections, the flexleads can form the weakest point of the conventional driver. The presentdisclosure removes these design considerations and concerns by fixedlyattaching the electrical leads 102 to the coil 116 via the channels 119for receiving the electrical wires 118 and by providing metal contactpads 102 on an external surface of the transducer 100 for receivingelectrical signals, thereby allowing for a more rugged connectionbetween the coil 116 and the external signal source.

The fixed electrical leads 102 also remove the need for a frame. Inconventional haptic transducers, the frame is needed to allow passage ofthe electrical leads there through, the electrical leads beingaccessible from an external surface of the frame. In the haptictransducer 100 of the present disclosure, the dome 106 serves thisfunction without the frame by including a platform for receiving theelectrical leads 102 on the top surface 106 a of the dome 106.

In some embodiments, the transducer 100 can further include a top cover120 configured to mechanically secure the spider 104 to the driver. Inconventional haptic transducers, a weight of the moving mass within thedriver is relatively low, such as, e.g., 1 gram (g), and therefore, aglue or other adhesive is sufficient to secure the spider to the frame.In the present disclosure, the weight of the moving mass within thedriver is much heavier (e.g., 80-100 g) and therefore, adhesive may notbe enough to secure the spider 104 to the dome 106 and/or yoke 110, orprevent the spider 104 from flying off during oscillation of the driver.Accordingly, in addition to gluing the spider 104 to the dome 106 and/orthe yoke 110, the top cover 120 can be added to keep the spider 104 inplace. In some embodiments, the top cover 120 can have a two-piececonstruction to reinforce the connection to the spider 104 on both theoutside and inside. For example, as shown in FIG. 1E, the top cover 120may include an outer collar 120 a disposed around an outer perimeter ofthe transducer 100 to secure the outer edge 104 a of the spider 104 tothe outer ledge 110 a of the yoke 110. The top cover 120 may alsoinclude an inner collar 120 b disposed around the diaphragm 106 forsecuring the inner edge 104 b of the spider 104 to the ledge 106 b ofthe diaphragm 106, as also shown in FIG. 1E.

Turning now to FIGS. 2A-2C, shown is an example insole 200 configuredfor connection to the haptic transducer 100 and for placement in a pieceof footwear. In embodiments, the insole 200 (also referred to herein as“footwear insole”) includes a tongue portion 202 on an underside of theinsole 200 that is configured to form a tongue and groove connectionwith the attachment groove 108 of the dome 106 of the transducer 100.The tongue portion 202 is visible in FIG. 2A, which depicts a bottomperspective view of the shoe insole 200 without the haptic transducer100 in place. FIG. 2B depicts a top perspective view of the shoe insole200 coupled to the haptic transducer 100, the insole 200 being drawnpartially transparent in order to show the transducer 100 coupled to theunderside of the insole 200. FIG. 2C depicts a cross-sectional view ofthe shoe insole 200 and the haptic transducer 100 inserted into thetongue portion 202 of the insole 200.

As shown, each of the insole 200 and the dome 106 can include acombination of depressions and raised edges that are configured tointerconnect when the attachment groove 108 on the top surface of thetransducer 100 is inserted into the tongue portion 202 of the insole200, or vice versa. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2C, the tongueportion 202 includes protrusions or raised structures that extend downvertically from the underside of the insole 200 and are configured tofit into, or be received by, the attachment groove 108 on the topsurface of the transducer 100.

In a preferred embodiment, an adhesive is also applied to one or more ofthe transducer 100 and/or the shoe insole 200 to further secure theconnecting surfaces together. In certain embodiments, the adhesive isloaded in shear, rather than in tension, to provide a more reliable bondbetween the tongue portion 202 and the attachment groove 108.

Thus, the tongue and groove connection of the present disclosureprovides the haptic transducer 100 with a fastener-less attachment orintegrated mounting technique. Moreover, due to the pre-configuredstructures and depressions included therein, the tongue and grooveconnection enables precise rotational and axial alignment duringinstallation of the haptic transducer 100, thereby enabling easy andreliable assembly of the transducer 100 with the insole 200. Forexample, the attachment groove 108 can be centered on the top surface ofthe transducer 100. Further, the tongue portion 202 can be positioned onthe insole 200 so as to maximize the haptic effect of the transducersignals. The tongue and groove connection also provides a large surfacearea for attaching the haptic transducer 100 to the insole 200, thusincreasing a contact area between the insole 200 and the driver. As willbe appreciated, the vibrations or haptic signals generated by the haptictransducer 100 can be transferred to the insole 200, and thereby, to thefoot of the user, via this contact area. At the same time, the tongueand groove connection can be configured to leave a space between theunderside of the insole 200 and the spider 104 of the transducer 100, sothat the driver has enough room to oscillate during operation. Forexample, the structures included on the underside of the insole 200 canbe sized and shaped to avoid contact with the spider 104 or otherwiseextend too far past the top of the diaphragm 106.

In embodiments, the insole 200 coupled to the haptic transducer 100forms a unitary piece configured for insertion into any suitable pieceof footwear, including shoes, sandals, etc. In some embodiments, thisunitary piece (also referred to herein as a “vibrating insole”) isincluded in a footwear device configured for enhancing an entertainmentexperience (e.g., a video game, a movie, a musical piece, etc.), and/oran entertainment system for use therewith, such as, for example, thevibrating footwear device and entertainment system described in co-ownedU.S. Pat. No. 8,644,967, the contents of which are incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate various views of another example haptictransducer 300, in accordance with embodiments. The haptic transducer300 has dimensions of approximately 40 mm by 18.4 mm. FIGS. 4A-4Cillustrate various views of yet another example haptic transducer 400,in accordance with embodiments. The haptic transducer 400 has dimensionsof approximately 40 mm by 15.7 mm. While the overall shapes of thetransducers 100, 300, and 400 may differ, the functional, operational,and structural characteristics of the transducers 300 and 400 may besubstantially the same as that of the transducer 100 described herein.Thus, for the sake of brevity, the transducers 300 and 400 will not bedescribed in further detail.

Any process descriptions or blocks in the figures, should be understoodas representing modules, segments, or portions of code that include oneor more executable instructions for implementing specific logicalfunctions or steps in the process, and alternate implementations areincluded within the scope of the embodiments described herein, in whichfunctions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed,including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending onthe functionality involved, as would be understood by those havingordinary skill in the art.

The above-described embodiments, and particularly any “preferred”embodiments, are possible examples of implementations and merely setforth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Manyvariations and modifications may be made to the above-describedembodiment(s) without substantially departing from the spirit andprinciples of the techniques described herein. All modifications areintended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure andprotected by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A haptic transducer device, comprising: amagnetic assembly including a yoke, an inner cavity formed by the yoke,and a magnet disposed within the inner cavity; a diaphragm having a topsurface, a ledge projecting below and outwards relative to the topsurface, and a sidewall extending downwards from the ledge towards theinner cavity; a suspension extending concentrically around the diaphragmand including a plurality of arms extending between an inner edge of thesuspension and an outer edge of the suspension, the inner edge beingattached to the ledge of the diaphragm and the outer edge being attachedto the outer ledge of the yoke; and a coil attached to the sidewall ofthe diaphragm and suspended within the inner cavity below thesuspension.
 2. The haptic transducer device of claim 1, wherein an innerdiameter of the ledge of the diaphragm is less than a diameter of thecoil.
 3. The haptic transducer device of claim 1, wherein an overalldiameter of the diaphragm is greater than or equal to the diameter ofthe coil.
 4. The haptic transducer device of claim 1, further comprisingone or more electrical leads disposed on the diaphragm and coupled tothe coil via fixed electrical connections.
 5. The haptic transducerdevice of claim 4, wherein the fixed electrical connections are formedby one or more electrical wires respectively coupling the one or moreelectrical leads to the coil, and one or more channels for securelyhousing the respective electrical wires.
 6. The haptic transducer deviceof claim 1, wherein a diameter of the inner edge of the suspension isless than a diameter of the coil.
 7. The haptic transducer device ofclaim 1, further comprising an attachment groove integrated into the topsurface of the diaphragm and configured for receiving attachmentstructures included on a footwear insole.
 8. The haptic transducerdevice of claim 1, wherein an overall diameter of the device issubstantially equal to an overall diameter of the yoke.
 9. The haptictransducer device of claim 1, wherein the yoke forms at least part of anouter housing of the device.
 10. The haptic transducer device of claim1, wherein a center of gravity of the device is substantially alignedwith a central axis of the coil.
 11. The haptic transducer device ofclaim 1, wherein a top end of the coil is attached to the sidewall ofthe diaphragm and a bottom end of the coil hangs between the yoke andthe magnet.
 12. A haptic transducer, comprising: a housing comprising anouter ledge surrounding an inner cavity; a diaphragm at least partiallypositioned within the inner cavity; an attachment groove integrated intoa top surface of the diaphragm and configured for receiving attachmentstructures included on a footwear insole; an annular suspension coupledto the outer ledge of the housing and extending concentrically aroundthe diaphragm; and a coil coupled to the diaphragm and suspended withinthe inner cavity
 13. The haptic transducer of claim 12, wherein thehousing includes a magnetic assembly comprising a magnet surrounded by ayoke, the yoke forming the inner cavity and comprising the outer ledge.14. The haptic transducer of claim 12, further comprising one or moreelectrical leads disposed on the diaphragm and coupled to the coil viafixed electrical connections.
 15. The haptic transducer of claim 12,wherein an inner edge of the suspension is coupled to an inner ledge ofthe diaphragm, and the inner diameter of the inner ledge is less than adiameter of the coil.
 16. The haptic transducer of claim 12, wherein acenter of gravity of the device is substantially aligned with a centralaxis of the coil.